The question is not who typed the words. It is whether what they assert can be traced to evidence.
Assay moves the question from authorship to evidence.
Compares text against other text. Finds copying, but not whether anything is true.
Guesses at authorship from style. It cannot see inside an assertion and penalises honest writers.
Decomposes writing into claims and traces each one to evidence. Integrity becomes a question of substance.
Four failure modes that stylistic checks cannot see.
A paragraph that reads like scholarship but is hollow at its factual core.
Authors, journals and references that sound right but do not exist.
Findings stretched, compressed or invented behind confident prose.
Withdrawn studies cited for years after they were retracted.
Generative systems write with remarkable fluency and authority, yet have no intrinsic concept of truth. Tools that guess at authorship from style cannot see inside an assertion. They miss confident falsehoods and can unfairly flag honest writers.
Assay treats this as a question of epistemic governance rather than style. It checks what is claimed, so it remains useful however a document was produced.
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